Red, Red Sun | The East is Red | Pianos and Politics in China
The following discussion of The East is Red is excerpted
from Pianos and Politics in China by Richard Curt Kraus.
Reproduced with permission.
Middle-Class Ambitions and the Struggle over Western Music Richard Curt Kraus (New York: Oxford University Press, Inc. 1989) pp. 119-120 "The East Is Red": A Change of Anthems
The Cultural Revolution in music did not begin abruptly with some
arbitrary political event, such as Beijing University's posters of
May 1966. The explosion, when it came, reflected tensions that had
long been building within musical circles. The musical fanfare
which opened the Cultural Revolution, however, was certainly
"The East Is Red," an old revolutionary song
which became the movement's anthem. This stirring hymn was the
title piece of a musical extravaganza for the fifteenth
anniversary of the establishment of the People's Republic on
October 1, 1964. The East Is Red told the history of
China's revolution in song and dance, drawing upon mass song
classics and vigorous dancing to spread Mao's message that the
lessons of past struggle were relevant to China's continuing
problems (73). The song, written in 1942, was based on a northern
Shaanxi folk song by a poor peasant named Li Youyuan (1903-1955).
It was popular at Yan'an, but had been sung less frequently after
Liberation, probably in deference to Party leaders who might
object to its words: 73. See Dongfang Hong Gequji ["The East is Red" Song Collection], (Hong Kong: Sanlien Shudian, 1965). 74. See Cai Cai, "Shengge 'Dongfang Hong' de bimo guansi" [A War of Words Over the Hymn, "The East is Red"], Dongxiang [The Trend], 28 (January 1981), 29; Wei Hsia-an, "The Most Powerful Song", Chinese Literature 1 (1970): 108-13; Zhongguo Minjian Wenyi Yanjiuhui, ed., "Zhongguo Chuliaoge Mao Zedong: ["China Produced a Mao Zedong"] (Beijing: Renmin Wenyi Chubanshe, 1951], 2: Jiang Qihua and Xiao Xinghua, "Renmin geshou Li Youyuan he 'Dongfang Hong' de yansheng" [The People's Songsmith Li Youyuan and the Birth of "The East is Red"], Renmin Yinyue 1 (1978): 34-35.
75. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians , s.v.
"Chimes": Yue Sheng, "Bian Zhong" [Bian Bells], Beijing
Dagong Bao (12 March 1964).
Middle-Class Ambitions and the Struggle over Western Music Richard Curt Kraus (New York: Oxford University Press, Inc., 1989) Copyright © 1989 by Oxford University Press, Inc. |
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